人邮高数 第4章 第4-1-4题
📝 题目
4.确定下列函数中 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的值,使得函数满足所给定的条件.
(1)$y=C_{1} \cos x+C_{2} \sin x,\left.y\right|_{x=0}=1,\left.y^{\prime}\right|_{x=0}=3$ ;
(2)$y=\left(C_{1}+x C_{2}\right) \mathrm{e}^{2 x},\left.y\right|_{x=0}=0,\left.y^{\prime}\right|_{x=0}=1$ .
💡 答案解析
[AI解答]
[AI解答]
(1) 已知
$$
y = C_{1} \cos x + C_{2} \sin x
$$
先求导:
$$
y' = -C_{1} \sin x + C_{2} \cos x
$$
代入条件:
当 $x=0$ 时,
$$
y(0) = C_{1} \cos 0 + C_{2} \sin 0 = C_{1} = 1
$$
$$
y'(0) = -C_{1} \sin 0 + C_{2} \cos 0 = C_{2} = 3
$$
因此解得
$$
C_{1} = 1,\quad C_{2} = 3
$$
(2) 已知
$$
y = (C_{1} + x C_{2}) \mathrm{e}^{2x}
$$
先求导(使用乘积法则):
$$
y' = C_{2} \mathrm{e}^{2x} + (C_{1} + x C_{2}) \cdot 2 \mathrm{e}^{2x}
= \mathrm{e}^{2x} \bigl[ C_{2} + 2C_{1} + 2x C_{2} \bigr]
$$
代入条件:
当 $x=0$ 时,
$$
y(0) = (C_{1} + 0) \cdot 1 = C_{1} = 0
$$
$$
y'(0) = 1 \cdot [C_{2} + 2C_{1} + 0] = C_{2} + 2C_{1} = 1
$$
由 $C_{1}=0$ 得 $C_{2}=1$。
因此
$$
C_{1} = 0,\quad C_{2} = 1
$$
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