人邮高数 第1章 第1-6-4题

教材习题

📝 题目

4.计算下列极限:
(1) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{x^{2}+x}{x^{3}-2 x+1}$ ;
(2) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow-2} \frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}}$ ;
(3) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow+\infty} \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^{3}-2 x+1}}$ ;
(4) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 3} \frac{x+2}{x^{2}-9}$ ;
(5) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin \left(x^{3}\right)}{\sin ^{2} x}$ ;
(6) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan x-\sin x}{x^{3}}$ ;
(7) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x^{3}}{\ln \left(1+2 x^{3}\right)}$ ;
(8) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\arctan 3 x}{\ln (1-2 x)}$ ;
(9) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0 \sqrt{1+x}-1} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{3 x}-1}{\sqrt{1+x}}$ ;
(10) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin (\sin x)}{x}$ ;
(11) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{n \rightarrow \infty} n[\ln (n+1)-\ln n]$ ;
(12) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow \mathrm{e}} \frac{\ln x-1}{x-\mathrm{e}}$ ;
(13) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\left(\mathrm{e}^{x}-1\right) \sin x}{1-\cos x}$ ;
(14) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow \infty} x^{2}\left(1-\cos \frac{1}{x}\right)$ ;
(15) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+\sin x^{2}}-1}{x \tan x}$ ;
(16) $\displaystyle{\lim} _{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan (x \tan x)}{\sin 2 x}$ .

💡 答案解析

[AI解答]

[AI解答]

以下为各极限的详细解答,使用LaTeX格式书写。

---

(1)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow \infty} \frac{x^{2}+x}{x^{3}-2 x+1}$

分子分母同除以 $x^3$:
$$
\lim_{x\to\infty}\frac{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x^2}}{1-\frac{2}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^3}} = \frac{0+0}{1-0+0}=0
$$
答案: $0$

---

(2)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow-2} \frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}}$

当 $x\to -2^+$ 时分母趋于 $0^+$,分子趋于 $-4$,故极限为 $-\infty$。
若只考虑实数域,左极限不存在,因此极限不存在。
答案: 不存在(或 $-\infty$)

---

(3)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow+\infty} \frac{x}{\sqrt{x^{3}-2 x+1}}$

$$
\lim_{x\to+\infty} \frac{x}{x^{3/2}\sqrt{1-\frac{2}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^3}}} = \lim_{x\to+\infty} \frac{1}{\sqrt{x}\sqrt{1-\frac{2}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^3}}} = 0
$$
答案: $0$

---

(4)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 3} \frac{x+2}{x^{2}-9}$

分母趋于 $0$,分子趋于 $5$,故为无穷大。左右极限符号不同,极限不存在。
答案: 不存在

---

(5)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin (x^{3})}{\sin^{2} x}$

等价无穷小:$\sin(x^3)\sim x^3$,$\sin x\sim x$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x^3}{x^2}=0
$$
答案: $0$

---

(6)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan x-\sin x}{x^{3}}$

$$
\tan x-\sin x = \sin x\left(\frac{1}{\cos x}-1\right)=\sin x\cdot\frac{1-\cos x}{\cos x}
$$
等价:$\sin x\sim x$,$\displaystyle 1-\cos x\sim \frac{x^2}{2}$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x\cdot\frac{x^2}{2}}{x^3}=\frac12
$$
答案: $\displaystyle \frac12$

---

(7)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{x^{3}}{\ln(1+2x^{3})}$

等价:$\ln(1+2x^3)\sim 2x^3$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x^3}{2x^3}=\frac12
$$
答案: $\displaystyle \frac12$

---

(8)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\arctan 3x}{\ln(1-2x)}$

等价:$\arctan 3x\sim 3x$,$\ln(1-2x)\sim -2x$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{3x}{-2x}=-\frac32
$$
答案: $\displaystyle -\frac32$

---

(9)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^{3x}-1}{\sqrt{1+x}-1}$

等价:$\mathrm{e}^{3x}-1\sim 3x$,$\displaystyle \sqrt{1+x}-1\sim \frac{x}{2}$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{3x}{x/2}=6
$$
答案: $6$

---

(10)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sin(\sin x)}{x}$

等价:$\sin(\sin x)\sim \sin x\sim x$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x}{x}=1
$$
答案: $1$

---

(11)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{n \rightarrow \infty} n[\ln(n+1)-\ln n]$

$$
\ln(n+1)-\ln n = \ln\left(1+\frac1n\right)\sim\frac1n
$$
$$
\lim_{n\to\infty}n\cdot\frac1n=1
$$
答案: $1$

---

(12)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow \mathrm{e}} \frac{\ln x-1}{x-\mathrm{e}}$

此为导数定义:
$$
\lim_{x\to e}\frac{\ln x-\ln e}{x-e}=(\ln x)'\big|_{x=e}=\frac1e
$$
答案: $\displaystyle \frac1e$

---

(13)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{(\mathrm{e}^{x}-1)\sin x}{1-\cos x}$

等价:$\mathrm{e}^x-1\sim x$,$\sin x\sim x$,$\displaystyle 1-\cos x\sim \frac{x^2}{2}$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x\cdot x}{x^2/2}=2
$$
答案: $2$

---

(14)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow \infty} x^{2}\left(1-\cos\frac1x\right)$

令 $\displaystyle t=\frac1x\to 0$,
$$
\lim_{t\to 0}\frac{1-\cos t}{t^2}=\frac12
$$
答案: $\displaystyle \frac12$

---

(15)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\sqrt{1+\sin x^{2}}-1}{x\tan x}$

等价:$\displaystyle \sqrt{1+u}-1\sim \frac{u}{2}$,其中 $u=\sin x^2\sim x^2$,分母 $x\tan x\sim x^2$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x^2/2}{x^2}=\frac12
$$
答案: $\displaystyle \frac12$

---

(16)
$\displaystyle{\lim}_{x \rightarrow 0} \frac{\tan(x\tan x)}{\sin 2x}$

等价:$\tan(x\tan x)\sim x\tan x\sim x^2$,$\sin 2x\sim 2x$,
$$
\lim_{x\to 0}\frac{x^2}{2x}=0
$$
答案: $0$

📋 详细解题步骤

暂无解题步骤

📷 拍照上传批改

拍照上传批改功能已预留入口,后续接入图片上传、OCR识别与AI批改。