同济高数 第4章 第4-2-2题
📝 题目
2.求下列不定积分(其中 $a, b, \omega, \varphi$ 均为常数):
(1) $\displaystyle{\int} \mathrm{e}^{5 t} \mathrm{~d} t$ ;
(2) $\displaystyle{\int}(3-2 x)^{3} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(3) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1-2 x}$ ;
(4) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\sqrt[3]{2-3 x}}$ ;
(5) $\displaystyle{\int}\left(\sin a x-\mathrm{e}^{\frac{x}{b}}\right) \mathrm{d} x$ ;
(6) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\sin \sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{t}} \mathrm{~d} t$ ;
(7) $\displaystyle{\int} x \mathrm{e}^{-x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(8) $\displaystyle{\int} x \cos \left(x^{2}\right) \mathrm{d} x$ ;
(9) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x}{\sqrt{2-3 x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(10) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{3 x^{3}}{1-x^{4}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(11) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x+1}{x^{2}+2 x+5} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(12) $\displaystyle{\int} \cos ^{2}(\omega t+\varphi) \sin (\omega t+\varphi) \mathrm{d} t$ ;
(13) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\sin x}{\cos ^{3} x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(14) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sqrt[3]{\sin x-\cos x}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(15) $\displaystyle{\int} \tan ^{10} x \cdot \sec ^{2} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(16) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{x \ln x \ln \ln x}$ ;
(17) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{(\arcsin x)^{2} \sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$ ;
(18) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{10^{2 \arccos x}}{\sqrt{1-x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(19) $\displaystyle{\int} \tan \sqrt{1+x^{2}} \cdot \frac{x \mathrm{~d} x}{\sqrt{1+x^{2}}}$ ;
(20) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\arctan \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}(1+x)} \mathrm{d} x$ ;
(21) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{1+\ln x}{(x \ln x)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(22) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\sin x \cos x}$ ;
(23) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\ln \tan x}{\cos x \sin x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(24) $\displaystyle{\int} \cos ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(25) $\displaystyle{\int} \cos ^{2}(\omega t+\varphi) \mathrm{d} t$ ;
(26) $\displaystyle{\int} \sin 2 x \cos 3 x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(27) $\displaystyle{\int} \cos x \cos \frac{x}{2} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(28) $\displaystyle{\int} \sin 5 x \sin 7 x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(29) $\displaystyle{\int} \tan ^{3} x \sec x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(30) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{e}^{x}+\mathrm{e}^{-x}}$ ;
(31) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{1-x}{\sqrt{9-4 x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(32) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x^{3}}{9+x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(33) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{2 x^{2}-1}$ ;
(34) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{(x+1)(x-2)}$ ;
(35) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x}{x^{2}-x-2} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(36) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x^{2} \mathrm{~d} x}{\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}}(a\gt 0)$ ;
(37) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{x \sqrt{x^{2}-1}}$ ;
(38) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{d x}{\sqrt{\left(x^{2}+1\right)^{3}}}$ ;
(39) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\sqrt{x^{2}-9}}{x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(40) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1+\sqrt{2 x}}$ ;
(41) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1+\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$ ;
(42) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{x+\sqrt{1-x^{2}}}$ ;
(43) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x-1}{x^{2}+2 x+3} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(44) $\displaystyle{\int} \frac{x^{3}+1}{\left(x^{2}+1\right)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x$ .
💡 答案解析
[AI解答]
[AI解答]
以下为各小题的详细解答过程,使用第一类换元法(凑微分法)或基本积分公式求解。
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(1)
$$
\int e^{5t} dt = \frac{1}{5} e^{5t} + C
$$
(2)
$$
\int (3-2x)^3 dx = -\frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{(3-2x)^4}{4} + C = -\frac{(3-2x)^4}{8} + C
$$
(3)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{1-2x} = -\frac{1}{2} \ln|1-2x| + C
$$
(4)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt[3]{2-3x}} = \int (2-3x)^{-1/3} dx = -\frac{1}{3} \cdot \frac{(2-3x)^{2/3}}{2/3} + C = -\frac{1}{2} (2-3x)^{2/3} + C
$$
(5)
$$
\int \left( \sin ax - e^{x/b} \right) dx = -\frac{\cos ax}{a} - b e^{x/b} + C
$$
(6)
$$
\int \frac{\sin \sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{t}} dt = 2 \int \sin \sqrt{t} \, d(\sqrt{t}) = -2 \cos \sqrt{t} + C
$$
(7)
$$
\int x e^{-x^2} dx = -\frac{1}{2} \int e^{-x^2} d(-x^2) = -\frac{1}{2} e^{-x^2} + C
$$
(8)
$$
\int x \cos(x^2) dx = \frac{1}{2} \int \cos(x^2) d(x^2) = \frac{1}{2} \sin(x^2) + C
$$
(9)
$$
\int \frac{x}{\sqrt{2-3x^2}} dx = -\frac{1}{6} \int (2-3x^2)^{-1/2} d(2-3x^2) = -\frac{1}{3} \sqrt{2-3x^2} + C
$$
(10)
$$
\int \frac{3x^3}{1-x^4} dx = -\frac{3}{4} \int \frac{d(1-x^4)}{1-x^4} = -\frac{3}{4} \ln|1-x^4| + C
$$
(11)
$$
\int \frac{x+1}{x^2+2x+5} dx = \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{2x+2}{x^2+2x+5} dx = \frac{1}{2} \ln|x^2+2x+5| + C
$$
(12)
$$
\int \cos^2(\omega t+\varphi) \sin(\omega t+\varphi) dt = -\frac{1}{\omega} \int \cos^2(\omega t+\varphi) d(\cos(\omega t+\varphi)) = -\frac{\cos^3(\omega t+\varphi)}{3\omega} + C
$$
(13)
$$
\int \frac{\sin x}{\cos^3 x} dx = -\int \frac{d(\cos x)}{\cos^3 x} = \frac{1}{2\cos^2 x} + C = \frac{1}{2} \sec^2 x + C
$$
(14)
$$
\int \frac{\sin x+\cos x}{\sqrt[3]{\sin x-\cos x}} dx = \int (\sin x-\cos x)^{-1/3} d(\sin x-\cos x) = \frac{3}{2} (\sin x-\cos x)^{2/3} + C
$$
(15)
$$
\int \tan^{10} x \sec^2 x dx = \int \tan^{10} x d(\tan x) = \frac{\tan^{11} x}{11} + C
$$
(16)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{x \ln x \ln \ln x} = \int \frac{d(\ln \ln x)}{\ln \ln x} = \ln|\ln \ln x| + C
$$
(17)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{(\arcsin x)^2 \sqrt{1-x^2}} = \int \frac{d(\arcsin x)}{(\arcsin x)^2} = -\frac{1}{\arcsin x} + C
$$
(18)
$$
\int \frac{10^{2\arccos x}}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx = -\frac{1}{2} \int 10^{2\arccos x} d(2\arccos x) = -\frac{10^{2\arccos x}}{2\ln 10} + C
$$
(19)
$$
\int \tan \sqrt{1+x^2} \cdot \frac{x dx}{\sqrt{1+x^2}} = \int \tan \sqrt{1+x^2} \, d(\sqrt{1+x^2}) = -\ln|\cos \sqrt{1+x^2}| + C
$$
(20)
$$
\int \frac{\arctan \sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}(1+x)} dx = 2 \int \arctan \sqrt{x} \, d(\arctan \sqrt{x}) = (\arctan \sqrt{x})^2 + C
$$
(21)
$$
\int \frac{1+\ln x}{(x \ln x)^2} dx = \int \frac{d(x\ln x)}{(x\ln x)^2} = -\frac{1}{x\ln x} + C
$$
(22)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{\sin x \cos x} = \int \frac{2}{\sin 2x} dx = \int \csc 2x \, d(2x) = \ln|\tan x| + C
$$
(23)
$$
\int \frac{\ln \tan x}{\cos x \sin x} dx = \int \ln \tan x \cdot \frac{2}{\sin 2x} dx = \int \ln \tan x \, d(\ln \tan x) = \frac{1}{2} (\ln \tan x)^2 + C
$$
(24)
$$
\int \cos^3 x dx = \int (1-\sin^2 x) d(\sin x) = \sin x - \frac{\sin^3 x}{3} + C
$$
(25)
$$
\int \cos^2(\omega t+\varphi) dt = \int \frac{1+\cos(2\omega t+2\varphi)}{2} dt = \frac{t}{2} + \frac{\sin(2\omega t+2\varphi)}{4\omega} + C
$$
(26)
$$
\int \sin 2x \cos 3x dx = \frac{1}{2} \int (\sin 5x - \sin x) dx = -\frac{\cos 5x}{10} + \frac{\cos x}{2} + C
$$
(27)
$$
\int \cos x \cos \frac{x}{2} dx = \frac{1}{2} \int \left( \cos \frac{3x}{2} + \cos \frac{x}{2} \right) dx = \frac{1}{3} \sin \frac{3x}{2} + \sin \frac{x}{2} + C
$$
(28)
$$
\int \sin 5x \sin 7x dx = \frac{1}{2} \int (\cos 2x - \cos 12x) dx = \frac{\sin 2x}{4} - \frac{\sin 12x}{24} + C
$$
(29)
$$
\int \tan^3 x \sec x dx = \int (\sec^2 x - 1) \sec x \tan x dx = \int (\sec^2 x - 1) d(\sec x) = \frac{\sec^3 x}{3} - \sec x + C
$$
(30)
$$
\int \frac{dx}{e^x+e^{-x}} = \int \frac{e^x dx}{1+e^{2x}} = \arctan(e^x) + C
$$
(31)
$$
\int \frac{1-x}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}} dx = \int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}} - \int \frac{x dx}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}}
$$
第一项:$\frac{1}{2} \arcsin \frac{2x}{3}$,第二项:$\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{9-4x^2}$,故结果为
$$
\frac{1}{2} \arcsin \frac{2x}{3} + \frac{1}{