📝 题目
6.求下列参数方程所确定的函数的导数 $\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{~d} x}$ : (1)$\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=a t^{2}, \\ y=b t^{3} ;\end{array}\right.$ (2)$\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=\theta(1-\sin \theta), \\ y=\theta \cos \theta .\end{array}\right.$
💡 答案与解析
[AI解答]
[AI解答]
**习题2-4 第6题** 求下列参数方程所确定的函数的导数 $\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{~d} x}$。
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### (1) 参数方程为 $$ \begin{cases} x = a t^{2}, \\ y = b t^{3}. \end{cases} $$
**步骤:** 由参数方程求导公式 $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{~d} x} = \frac{\displaystyle{}\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} t}}{\displaystyle{}\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} t}}. $$
先分别求导: $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} t} = 2a t, \quad \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} t} = 3b t^{2}. $$
于是 $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x} = \frac{3b t^{2}}{2a t} = \frac{3b}{2a} t. $$
因此 $$ \boxed{\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x} = \frac{3b}{2a} t}. $$
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### (2) 参数方程为 $$ \begin{cases} x = \theta (1 - \sin \theta), \\ y = \theta \cos \theta. \end{cases} $$
**步骤:** 同样使用公式 $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{~d} x} = \frac{\displaystyle{}\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} \theta}}{\displaystyle{}\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} \theta}}. $$
先求 $\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} \theta}$: $$ x = \theta - \theta \sin \theta, $$ $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{\mathrm{d} \theta} = 1 - (\sin \theta + \theta \cos \theta) = 1 - \sin \theta - \theta \cos \theta. $$
再求 $\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} \theta}$: $$ y = \theta \cos \theta, $$ $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} \theta} = \cos \theta - \theta \sin \theta. $$
因此 $$ \frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x} = \frac{\cos \theta - \theta \sin \theta}{1 - \sin \theta - \theta \cos \theta}. $$
最终结果为 $$ \boxed{\frac{\mathrm{d} y}{\mathrm{d} x} = \frac{\cos \theta - \theta \sin \theta}{1 - \sin \theta - \theta \cos \theta}}. $$
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