kaoyan1basic 高等数学 第1题
📝 题目
【基础篇】第1题(解答题)
1.计算下列不定积分.
(1) $\int \cos ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(2) $\int \sin ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(3) $\int \sec x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(4) $\int \sec ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(5) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}-x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ;
(6) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{x^{2}-a^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ;
(7) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}+x^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ;
(8) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}+(x+b)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a \neq 0)$ ;
(9) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2}-(x+b)^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ;
(10) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{(x+b)^{2}-a^{2}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ;
(11) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}-a^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ;
(12) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^{2}-x^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ;
(13) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sqrt{x^{2}+a^{2}}} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0)$ ;
(14) $\int \csc ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(15) $\int \tan ^{2} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(16) $\int \tan ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(17) $\int \tan ^{4} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(18) $\int \cot ^{3} x \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(19) $\displaystyle \int \frac{\cos x}{1+\sin x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(20) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a^{2} \sin ^{2} x+b^{2} \cos ^{2} x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(21) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\sin 2 x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(22) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{\cos 2 x} \mathrm{~d} x$ ;
(23) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a+b \cos x} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0, b>0)$ ;
(24) $\displaystyle \int \frac{1}{a+b \sin x} \mathrm{~d} x(a>0, b>0)$ .
💡 答案解析
答案:
(1) $\displaystyle \sin x - \frac{1}{3}\sin^3 x + C$
(2) $\displaystyle -\cos x + \frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + C$
(3) $\ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$
(4) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\sec x \tan x + \frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C$
(5) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{a+x}{a-x}\right| + C$
(6) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x-a}{x+a}\right| + C$
(7) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x}{a} + C$
(8) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{a}\arctan\frac{x+b}{a} + C$
(9) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{a+x+b}{a-x-b}\right| + C$
(10) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2a}\ln\left|\frac{x+b-a}{x+b+a}\right| + C$
(11) $\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2-a^2}\right| + C$
(12) $\displaystyle \arcsin\frac{x}{a} + C$
(13) $\ln\left|x+\sqrt{x^2+a^2}\right| + C$
(14) $\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}\csc x \cot x + \frac{1}{2}\ln|\csc x - \cot x| + C$
(15) $\tan x - x + C$
(16) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\tan^2 x + \ln|\cos x| + C$
(17) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\tan^3 x - \tan x + x + C$
(18) $\displaystyle -\frac{1}{2}\cot^2 x - \ln|\sin x| + C$
(19) $\ln|1+\sin x| + C$
(20) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{ab}\arctan\left(\frac{a\tan x}{b}\right) + C$
(21) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\ln|\tan x| + C$
(22) $\displaystyle \frac{1}{2}\ln|\sec 2x + \tan 2x| + C$
(23) $\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\arctan\left(\frac{\sqrt{a-b}\tan\frac{x}{2}}{\sqrt{a+b}}\right) + C$($a>b$)
(24) $\displaystyle \frac{2}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\arctan\left(\frac{a\tan\frac{x}{2}+b}{\sqrt{a^2-b^2}}\right) + C$($a>b$)
解析:
步骤1:利用三角恒等式和分部积分法逐项计算。
步骤2:对于有理函数积分,使用部分分式分解。
步骤3:对于含根号积分,使用三角代换或双曲代换。
难度:★★★☆☆