第9章 · 第9-5-3题

exercise

📝 题目

3.设 $x+2 y+z-2 \sqrt{x y z}=0$ ,求 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$ 及 $\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ .

💡 答案与解析

[AI解答]

[AI解答] 已知方程 $$ x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} = 0, $$ 我们将其视为隐函数 $z = z(x, y)$ 的形式,利用隐函数求导法则。

令 $$ F(x, y, z) = x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz}. $$ 则 $$ \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{F_x}{F_z}, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{F_y}{F_z}, $$ 前提是 $F_z \neq 0$。

先求各偏导数:

1. 对 $x$ 求偏导(将 $y,z$ 视为常数): $$ F_x = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right) = 1 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot yz = 1 - \frac{yz}{\sqrt{xyz}}. $$

2. 对 $y$ 求偏导: $$ F_y = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right) = 2 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot xz = 2 - \frac{xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}. $$

3. 对 $z$ 求偏导: $$ F_z = \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right) = 1 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot xy = 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}. $$

于是得到: $$ \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{yz}{\sqrt{xyz}}}{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}} = -\frac{\sqrt{xyz} - yz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}, $$ $$ \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{\displaystyle 2 - \frac{xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}}{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}} = -\frac{2\sqrt{xyz} - xz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}. $$

因此结果为: $$ \boxed{\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\sqrt{xyz} - yz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{2\sqrt{xyz} - xz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}}. $$

难度:★★☆☆☆