同济高数 第9章 第9-5-3题
📝 题目
3.设 $x+2 y+z-2 \sqrt{x y z}=0$ ,求 $\displaystyle \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$ 及 $\displaystyle \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$ .
💡 答案解析
[AI解答]
[AI解答]
已知方程
$$
x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} = 0,
$$
我们将其视为隐函数 $z = z(x, y)$ 的形式,利用隐函数求导法则。
令
$$
F(x, y, z) = x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz}.
$$
则
$$
\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{F_x}{F_z}, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{F_y}{F_z},
$$
前提是 $F_z \neq 0$。
先求各偏导数:
1. 对 $x$ 求偏导(将 $y,z$ 视为常数):
$$
F_x = \frac{\partial}{\partial x}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right)
= 1 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot yz
= 1 - \frac{yz}{\sqrt{xyz}}.
$$
2. 对 $y$ 求偏导:
$$
F_y = \frac{\partial}{\partial y}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right)
= 2 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot xz
= 2 - \frac{xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}.
$$
3. 对 $z$ 求偏导:
$$
F_z = \frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left( x + 2y + z - 2\sqrt{xyz} \right)
= 1 - 2 \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{xyz}} \cdot xy
= 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}.
$$
于是得到:
$$
\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{yz}{\sqrt{xyz}}}{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}}
= -\frac{\sqrt{xyz} - yz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy},
$$
$$
\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{\displaystyle 2 - \frac{xz}{\sqrt{xyz}}}{\displaystyle 1 - \frac{xy}{\sqrt{xyz}}}
= -\frac{2\sqrt{xyz} - xz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}.
$$
因此结果为:
$$
\boxed{\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -\frac{\sqrt{xyz} - yz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}, \quad \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = -\frac{2\sqrt{xyz} - xz}{\sqrt{xyz} - xy}}.
$$
难度:★★☆☆☆